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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Gentoo Perl Overlay Tips</h1>
<span id="author">The #gentoo-perl team.</span><br/>
<div id="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="networks">1. Networks</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The Gentoo Perl Herd and the overlay contributors have various channels of
communications and interactions.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="networks-irc">1.1. IRC</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The primary source for all direct Gentoo Perl communications is <tt>#gentoo-perl</tt>
on <tt>irc.freenode.org</tt></p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="networks-sourcecontrol">1.2. Source-Control</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Overlays for Gentoo can be found on <a href="#repositories-github">Github</a> and
<a href="#repositories-gogo">the Gentoo Overlays website</a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">2. Git</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="repositories">2.1. Repositories</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>At the time of this writing, there are several repositories.</p></div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="repositories-gogo">2.1.1. Git.Overlays.Gentoo.org</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Few people with commit rights.
Does not broadcast pushes to IRC.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ReadOnly(git)
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<tt>git://git.overlays.gentoo.org/proj/perl-overlay.git</tt>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ReadOnly(http)
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<tt>http://git.overlays.gentoo.org/gitroot/proj/perl-overlay.git</tt>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ReadWrite
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<tt>git+ssh://git@git.overlays.gentoo.org/proj/perl-overlay</tt>
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="repositories-github">2.1.2. Github</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Same number of commiters.
Supports people without direct access sending pull requests.
PUSHES to this repository create broadcasts in IRC.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ReadOnly(git)
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<tt>git://github.com/gentoo-perl/perl-experimental.git</tt>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ReadOnly(http)
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<tt>http://github.com/gentoo-perl/perl-experimental.git</tt>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ReadWrite
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<tt>git@github.com:gentoo-perl/perl-experimental.git</tt>
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_recommended_contribution_order">2.2. Recommended Contribution Order</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Contributions are recommended to be performed in the following order:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
Progress your patch sequence locally.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<strong>(optional)</strong> push your patch sequence to your personal public repository
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Push your patch sequence to <a href="#repositories-github">Github</a>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Push your patch sequence to <a href="#repositories-gogo">git.overlays.gentoo.org</a>.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This order will hopefully reduce the amount of push collisions encountered,
which will make all our lives easier =).</p></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip"/>
</td>
<td class="content">It is strongly suggested to watch <a href="#networks-irc"><tt>#gentoo-perl</tt></a> for pushed commit notices so
you can anticipate a collison happening <em>before</em> it occurs outside the safety
of your pc</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip"/>
</td>
<td class="content">If <tt>git</tt> tells you there is an upstream non-fast forward merge, do make sure
you resolve it locally somehow, not just force it, unless you <em>know</em> what you
are doing.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip"/>
</td>
<td class="content">For optimal continuity, it is suggested you do all you can possible to
linearize commits. See <a href="linearize_commits.txt">Linearizing Commits</a></td>
</tr></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="linearizecommits">2.3. Linearize Commmits</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Messy commit histories with lots of needless merge branches just get confusing
when trying to work backwards and work out what happened.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To resolve this issue, it is strongly recommended to utilize <tt>git rebase</tt> to
simplify merge histories in a way as such it produces the illusion the merge
never happened, and was never needed, as all the commits simply happend after
all the other commits they were going to be merged into.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>But the subject of <tt>git rebase</tt> is far too complex to summarise in this one
document, at least for now, so you should use other online sources to learn
this.</p></div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="rebase">2.3.1. Git Rebase related Articles</h4>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Tate Johnson
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://tatey.com/2009/04/23/git-rebase-for-linear-history/">Git Rebase
For Linear History</a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
ProGit.org
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://progit.org/book/ch3-6.html"> Rebase </a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
John Wiegley
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://www.newartisans.com/2008/04/git-from-the-bottom-up.html">
Git from the bottom up</a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Tommi Virtanen
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://eagain.net/articles/git-for-computer-scientists/">
Git for Computer Scientists</a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
nothingmuch/Yuval Kogman
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://blog.woobling.org/2009/05/git-rebase-considered-awesome.html">
<tt>git rebase</tt> Considered Awesome</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://blog.woobling.org/2009/08/git-rebase-for-impatient.html">
<tt>git rebase</tt> for the Impatient</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Dean Strelau
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://d.strelau.net/post/47338904/git-pull-rebase-by-default">
<tt>git pull --rebase</tt> by default</a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Kent Fredric
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="http://blog.fox.geek.nz/2010/08/git-rebase-part-1-why-you-should-use-it.html">Git
Rebase Part 1: Why you should use it, Theory.</a>
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="workinabranch">2.4. Work In A Branch</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Working in a branch instead of on <tt>master</tt> I have found to be a productive way
to get things done with minimal interference from other commiters.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Working this way lets you track upstream changes locally, update your local
master, and work on multiple subjects simultaneously without any conflicts,
and without being forced to perform a merge/rebase as soon as changes occur
upstream.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><div class="highlight"><pre> git checkout master
<span class="c"># create a new branch to work in.</span>
git checkout -b updates
<span class="c"># hack on updates.</span>
<span class="c"># commit changes to update branch</span>
git commit -m <span class="s2">"Some message"</span>
<span class="c"># return to master</span>
git checkout master
<span class="c"># update master from upstream</span>
git pull -u -v
<span class="c"># create another branch from master for a quick-fix</span>
git checkout -b quickfix
<span class="c"># hack on quick fix</span>
<span class="c"># commit change to quick fix branch</span>
git commit -m <span class="s2">"Emergency Commit set"</span>
<span class="c"># return to master</span>
git checkout master
<span class="c"># check for changes from upstream.</span>
git pull -u -v
<span class="c"># Damn, updates happened.</span>
git checkout quickfix
<span class="c"># rebase quickfix on top of master</span>
git rebase -i master
git checkout master
<span class="c"># check again for upstream changes</span>
git pull -u -v
<span class="c"># Yay, no upstream changes, time to publish the changes in quickfix</span>
<span class="c"># --ff-only is good to prevent anarchy</span>
git merge --ff-only quickfix
git push upstream master
git branch -d quickfix
<span class="c"># return to work on updates</span>
git checkout updates
<span class="c"># move updates to be after master before continuing to hack</span>
git rebase -i master
<span class="c"># more hacking on updates</span>
git checkout master
<span class="c"># check for upstream changes</span>
git pull -u -v
<span class="c"># Yay, no upstream changes!</span>
git merge --ff-only updates
git push upstream master
</pre></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_disable_merge_pull">2.5. Disable Merge Pull</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you’re trying to keep things linear by rebasing, it can be frustrating
when the following happens:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
You commit to master.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
You push to upstream.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Upstream has been updated.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In this scenario you have 3 choices.</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
<em>(not recommended)</em> : force push, clobbering upstreams changes
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>(not recommended)</em> : merge pull
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>(recommended)</em> : rebase pull ( <tt>git pull --rebase</tt> )
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Generally, you want option 3.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, if you’re anything like me, either a rebase or a merge occuring
during pull scares you, and you’d rather <em>choose</em> to trigger that behaviour,
and you would not want to accidentally merge.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>I do this by disabling non-fastforward merges.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This means that instead of a magical merge, or an automatic rebase, it will
simply complain that a fast-forward cannot occur, and then stops, letting you
resolve the situation.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">[branch "master"]</span>
<span class="na">remote</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">origin</span>
<span class="s"> merge = refs/heads/master</span>
<span class="s"> mergeoptions = --ff-only</span>
</pre></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_set_up_ssh_mulitplexing_for_speed">2.6. Set up SSH Mulitplexing for Speed</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is one of my most convenient tricks. The slowest parts of <tt>git pull</tt> and
<tt>git push</tt> are starting up the SSH connection. However, there is a way to
eliminate this problem simply by opening a persistent tunnel, which <tt>git pull</tt>
and <tt>git push</tt> automatically reuse.</p></div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_ssh_config">2.6.1. ~/.ssh/config</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Enter the ControlMaster option for OpenSSH.</p></div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>ControlMaster</strong></p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Enables the sharing of multiple sessions over a single network connection.
When set to “yes”, ssh(1) will listen for connections on a control socket
specified using the ControlPath argument. Additional sessions can connect to
this socket using the same <strong>ControlPath</strong> with <strong>ControlMaster</strong> set to “no”
(the default).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These sessions will try to reuse the master instance’s network connection
rather than initiating new ones, but will fall back to connecting normally if
the control socket does not exist, or is not listening.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Setting this to “ask” will cause ssh to listen for control connections, but
require confirmation using the SSH_ASKPASS program before they are accepted
(see ssh-add(1) for details). If the <strong>ControlPath</strong> cannot be opened, ssh will
continue without connecting to a master instance.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>X11 and ssh-agent(1) forwarding is supported over these multiplexed
connections, however the display and agent forwarded will be the one belonging
to the master connection i.e. it is not possible to forward multiple displays
or agents.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Two additional options allow for opportunistic multiplexing: try to use a
master connection but fall back to creating a new one if one does not already
exist. These options are: “auto” and “autoask”. The latter requires
confirmation like the “ask” option.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="attribution">
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>So I set up my ~/.ssh/config as follows.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2
3
4
5
6</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c">#~/.ssh/config</span>
ControlMaster auto
ControlPath ~/.ssh/pool/%r@%h
ServerAliveCountMax 6
ServerAliveInterval 10
TCPKeepAlive yes
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>And we’re set!.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_first_a_few_benchmarks">2.6.2. First, a few benchmarks</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>First, lets see how fast it is without the magic:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><div class="highlight"><pre>> <span class="nb">time </span><span class="k">for </span>i in <span class="k">$(</span> seq 0 10 <span class="k">)</span> ; <span class="k">do </span>git fetch github; <span class="k">done</span>
real 0m47.798s
user 0m0.226s
sys 0m0.236s
> <span class="nb">time </span><span class="k">for </span>i in <span class="k">$(</span> seq 0 10 <span class="k">)</span> ; <span class="k">do </span>git fetch origin; <span class="k">done</span>
real 0m48.444s
user 0m0.235s
sys 0m0.250s
</pre></div></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Averaging about 4.34s per fetch to Github, 4.40s to gentoo overlays.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>SLOOW.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_start_a_background_connection">2.6.3. Start a background connection</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>With ControlMaster, you set up a long-lived SSH connection.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><div class="highlight"><pre>> ssh -fNn git@github.com
> ssh -fNn git@git.overlays.gentoo.org
</pre></div></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>And we’re truely really to start cooking with petrol.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_post_configuration_benchmarks">2.6.4. Post Configuration Benchmarks</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><div class="highlight"><pre>> <span class="nb">time </span><span class="k">for </span>i in <span class="k">$(</span> seq 0 10 <span class="k">)</span> ; <span class="k">do </span>git fetch github; <span class="k">done</span>
real 0m12.935s
user 0m0.093s
sys 0m0.193s
> <span class="nb">time </span><span class="k">for </span>i in <span class="k">$(</span> seq 0 10 <span class="k">)</span> ; <span class="k">do </span>git fetch origin; <span class="k">done</span>
real 0m11.597s
user 0m0.099s
sys 0m0.191s
</pre></div></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>O_o. Averaging about 1.175s and 1.05s respectively.</p></div>
</div>
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